新辅助化疗在软组织肉瘤治疗中的应用分析

目的研究并探讨新辅助化疗在软组织肉瘤治疗中的应用效果。方法选取2013年1月—2016年6月期间甘肃中医药大学临床医学院收治的软组织肉瘤共80例作为研究对象,采取单盲随机分组法随机分为对照组和观察组各40例,对照组实施手术治疗,观察组在手术前实施新辅助化疗,比较两组患者的保肢率、治疗效果、术后半年复发情况。结果观察组患者的保肢手术率为77.50%,对照组患者为55.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05);术后半年随访发现,观察组的复发率明显低于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者在新辅助化疗期间未出现严重的不良反应。结论在软组织肉瘤患者行手术治疗前实施新辅助化疗,可提高患者的保肢率,提高治疗效果,减少复发,有利于改善预后。     

THEORY OF DIELECTRIC ELASTOMERS

In response to a stimulus, a soft material deforms, and the deformation provides a function. We call such a material a soft active material （SAM）. This review focuses on one class of soft active materials： dielectric elastomers. When a membrane of a dielectric elastomer is subject to a voltage through its thickness, the membrane reduces thickness and expands area, possibly straining over 100%. The dielectric elastomers are being developed as transducers for broad applications, including soft robots, adaptive optics, Braille displays, and electric generators. This paper reviews the theory of dielectric elastomers, developed within continuum mechanics and thermodynamics, and motivated by molecular pictures and empirical observations. The theory couples large deformation and electric potential, and describes nonlinear and nonequilibrium behavior, such as electromechanical instability and viscoelasticity. The theory enables the finite element method to simulate transducers of realistic configurations, predicts the efficiency of electromechanical energy conversion, and suggests alternative routes to achieve giant voltage-induced deformation. It is hoped that the theory will aid in the creation of materials and devices.     

Dipole bands in nucleus ~(139)Pm

High-spin states in nucleus 139Pm have been studied using the reaction 116Cd(27Al,4n)139Pm.Two dipole cascades have been found.Spin and parity assignments were based on the Directional Correlation of Oriented Nuclei(DCO) ratios and systematic behavior in neighboring odd-proton nuclei.The level structures of 139Pm are compared with those of the N =78 isotone 141Eu in which two dipole bands have been confirmed as magnetic rotational bands.The close similarity between them suggests that the dipole bands in 139...     

Mechanical properties of amphiphilic urethane acrylate ionomer hydrogels having heterophasic gel structure

Amphiphilic urethane acryale hydrogels containing ionic groups (dimethylolpropionic acid) were prepared by varying the molecular weight of the soft segment (polyether type) and the type of diisocyanate, and their mechanical properties were examined. They showed heterophasic gel structure composed of ionic hard domains induced by aggregation of the ionic groups and polyether soft domains comprising the urethane acrylate network. This heterophasic structure could be confirmed by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and by wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis (WAXS); the crystallinity detected by WAXS and the transition peak of the ionic hard domains detected by DMA strongly suggested that there were ionic aggregates. These ionic aggregates acted as reinforcing fillers in the network, which eventually enhanced the tensile strength of the hydrogels. Above all, the tensile properties of the hydrogels were of interest in that the trends of the stress-strain curves were consistent with the rubbery ones. It is believed that the higher purity of the polyether soft domains resulted from the heterophasic gel structure imparting further elastomeric properties on the network. Received: 31 July 1998 Accepted in revised form: 15 October 1998     

Hierarchical structure in polymer‐based drug delivery systems as probed by calorimetric measurements

Thermoporosimetry (TPM), a differential scanning calorimetry technique that relies on the shift of transition temperatures caused by the confinement of liquids, was applied to elucidate the complex morphology of drug‐loaded polymeric microcapsules prepared by the emulsion solvent evaporation method. For the very first time, TPM has been applied simultaneously with two liquids as structural probes. It was found that Miglyol, which dissolves the selected drug (Ibuprofen), is confined inside vesicles having a mean radius of 26.3 nm, whereas water, which is the continuous phase, is trapped inside a swollen polymeric network of Eudragit with an average mesh radius of 1.7 nm. A proposed hierarchical structure is given, which predicts that Eudragit microcapsules are formed from a collection of inert oil vesicles partitioned by polymeric Eudragit membranes swollen by water. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1939–1945, 2010     

Some formal relationships among soft sets,fuzzy sets,and their extensions

We prove that every hesitant fuzzy set on a set E can be considered either a soft set over the universe $[0,1]$ or a soft set over the universe E. Concerning converse relationships, for denumerable universes we prove that any soft set can be considered even a fuzzy set. Relatedly, we demonstrate that every hesitant fuzzy soft set can be identified with a soft set, thus a formal coincidence of both notions is brought to light. Coupled with known relationships, our results prove that interval type-2 fuzzy sets and interval-valued fuzzy sets can be considered as soft sets over the universe $[0,1]$. Altogether we contribute to a more complete understanding of the relationships among various theories that capture vagueness and imprecision.     

Diffusiophoresis in suspensions of highly charged soft particles

Diffusiophoresis phenomenon of aoft particles suspended in binary electrolyte solutions is explored theoretically in this study based on the spherical cell model, focusing on the chemiphoresis component in absence of diffusion potential. Both the electrostatic and hydrodynamic aspects of the boundary confinement, or steric effect, due to the presence of neighboring particles are examined extensively under various electrokinetic conditions. Significant local extrema are found in mobility profiles expressed as functions of the Debye length in general, synchronized with the strength of the motion-inducing double layer polarization. Moreover, a seemingly peculiar phenomenon is observed that the soft particles may move faster in more concentrated suspensions. The competition between the simultaneous enhancement of the motion-inducing electric driving force and the motion-retarding hydrodynamic drag force from the boundary confinement effect of the neighboring particles is found to be responsible for it. The above findings are also demonstrated experimentally in a very recent study on the diffusiophoretic motion of soft particles through porous collagen hydrogels. The results presented here are useful in various practical applications of soft particles like drug delivery.